Indonesia's agrarian regulations regulate natural resources such as land, water and space, in accordance with Law No. 5/1960 and Law No. 24/1992, which define Indonesia as a unit including land, sea and air. MPR Decree IX/2001 expanded the definition of agrarian to include all natural resources, aiming for fair and optimal management for the current and future welfare of society, emphasizing social and economic justice. The term "land mafia" is used to refer to individuals or groups involved in land crimes such as fraud or embezzlement for financial gain. Although not yet officially recognized in Indonesian legislation, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency adopted the term in its Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Eradication of Land Mafia. This phenomenon often involves parties that hinder the resolution of land cases and harm the state and society. Firm policies and strong law enforcement are needed, including increased transparency and accountability in land transactions, as well as the application of severe sanctions for land-related offenses. Land disputes are disputes over claims to ownership, use or boundaries of land, involving multiple parties and often requiring a fair and comprehensive legal approach through mediation, arbitration or litigation to seek resolution.